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Radar reference coordinates

Fire Controlman Volume 02-Fire Control Radar Fundamentals
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO BASIC RADAR SYSTEMS LEARNING  OBJECTIVES Upon completing this chapter, you should be able to do the following: 1. Describe basic radar concepts. 2. Identify equipment requirements for basic radar systems. INTRODUCTION but  which  are  scheduled  for  replacement,  are  not  dis- cussed. This  chapter  discusses  radar  principles  and  basic radar  systems  that  you  may  encounter  as  a  Fire  Con- trolman   at   your   command.   The   Navy   Electricity   and Electronics   Training   Series   (NEETS),   especially Module  18,  Radar   Principles,   NAVEDTRA    172-18- 00-84,   provides   information   that   is   basic   to   your understanding   of   this   chapter.   You   should,   therefore, refer  to  NEETS  Module  18  and  to  Electronics  Instal- lation   and   Maintenance   Book,   Radar,   N A V S E A SE000-00-EIM-020,  on  a  regular  basis  to  ensure  that you  have  a  complete  understanding  of  this  subject matter. As   a   Fire   Controlman   Second   Class,   and   a   pos- sible  work-center  supervisor,  you  must  understand  the basic   radar   principles   and   safety   requirements   for radar   maintenance.   However,   your   first   assignment may  not  afford  you  exposure  to  radar  systems. This   chapter   is   not   designed   to   teach   you   every radar  system  the  Navy  uses,  but  simply  to  familiarize you  with  the  radars  and  their  general  characteristics. Because  there  are  so  many  different  models  of  radar equipment,  this  chapter  describes  only  the  radars  and radar  accessories  that  are  used  in  the  fleet  today.  Older radar  systems  that  are  currently  installed  in  the  fleet, BASIC   RADAR   CONCEPTS The   term   radar   is   an   acronym   made   up   of   the words  radio,  detection,  and  ranging.   It  refers  to  elec- tronic   equipment   that   detects   the   presence,   direction, height,   and   distance   of   objects   by   using   reflected electromagnetic  energy.  The  frequency  of  electromag- netic  energy  used  for  radar  is  unaffected  by  darkness and  weather.  This  permits  radar  systems  to  determine the  position  of  ships,  planes,  and  landmasses  that  are invisible  to  the  naked  eye  because  of  distance,  dark- ness,  or  weather. Radar  systems  provide  only  a  limited  field  of  view and  require  reference  coordinate  systems  to  define  the positions   of   detected   objects.   Radar   surface   angular measurements   are   normally   made   in   a   clockwise direction  from  true  north,  as  shown  in  figure  1-1,  or from  the  heading  line  of  a  ship  or  aircraft.  The  actual radar  location  is  the  center  of  this  coordinate  system. Table  1-1  defines  the  basic  terms  in  figure  1-1  that you  need  to  know  to  understand  the  coordinate  sys- tem. 1-1






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