A power supply will generally shut off while thecomputer is running under the following conditions:Overtemperature condition (Two overtem-perature conditions can occur. A low overtem-perature condition provides a visual and/or audiowarning that can be overridden with battle shortswitch. A high overtemperature condition willshut off the power supply.)Overvoltage or overcurrent conditionLet’s discuss three signals—power interrupt,master clear, and stop. These are the signals a computercan use to provide protection. These signals or theirequivalents are used in some computers that also havea pcb dedicated to monitoring power. They monitor acline voltage to generate signals that allow orderly powerstart-up and power shutdown sequences. These signalscan also be used to provide recoverability.POWER INTERRUPT (PI). —A PI is generatedfrom the following conditions:Source power falls below specifications andreturns to normalSource power is lostComputer set or cabinet is shut offA PI will generate a class I power interrupt; this isthe highest priority of any CPU interrupt and cannot belocked out except by certain instructions. It alerts thesoftware to a potential power loss. Logic power willremain to parts of the computer for an established timeperiod to allow the software to prepare for the potentialpower loss. The class I interrupt will give control of theCPU to a subroutine in memory. The subroutine willstore certain CPU registers and control memorynecessary for program restart. This allows the softwareto reestablish the conditions that existed before the PIoccurred.MASTER CLEAR (MC), AUTOMATIC. —Anautomatic master clear signal is generated a specificperiod after a PI occurs when the logic power falls outof tolerance and when power is lost or the computer setor cabinet is shut off. The MC signal is sent to all partsof the computer and will result in master clearing theCPU, I/O (including disabling acknowledgements inI/O, and main memory). The purpose of the MC signalis for a computer initialization after power has beenapplied. When the computer power comes to withinspecifications, the MC will be released and control willgo to the auto-restart program if AUTO-START is4-28selected on a controlling panel. Otherwise thecomputer will be stopped in a cleared condition.STOP. —A stop signal is generated when the logicpower goes out of tolerance. It occurs whether or not aPI signal is present and will send to memory to preventany new memory references. The purpose of this signalis to prevent the loss of any memory data should logicpower be lost faster than a normal turn-off sequence (PIor MC) can occur.MicrocomputersMicrocomputers do not have the temperaturerequirements that mainframe and minicomputers have.They rely on the temperature of the room they occupy.They can, however, be affected by temperature if theyare run when the room temperature is too high;generally above the 80°F mark. We, therefore,concentrate our discussion on the power requirements.Figure 4-45 is a basic block diagram of amicrocomputer’s power supply. It has the same basiccomponents as mainframes and minicomputers.Microcomputers generate digital active signals out ofthe final stages to indicate that the power requirementshave been met—one for ac and one for dc.These signals are provided to the backplane/motherboard. Some computers have power supplyLEDS on the backplane/motherboard to monitor thepower supply output voltages and the power supplystatus signals. If a problem exists in the power supply,these LEDs should indicate the problem by remainingoff. The ac and dc status signals must be present to resetthe computer. If equipped with power supply LEDs,they are used as part of the power-up diagnostic.AC SIGNAL. —A signal is sent to indicate that theac input voltage is within specifications. If a minimumof 75 vac is applied to the input for at least 1 second, asignal indicating it has been met goes active. When theinput voltage drops to 60 vac or less, the signal goes lowand remains low for at least 1 second.DC SIGNAL. —A signal is sent to indicate that thedc output voltages are within specifications. Thissignal goes active between 100 ms and 500 ms after thelow-to-high transition of the ac signal. The dc signalremains active at least 5 ms (usually the minimumhold-up time for the dc outputs) after the high-to-lowtransition of the ac signal.
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