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Chapter 2 Basic Radar Systems
DOPPLER   SHIFT   DETECTION

Fire Controlman Volume 02-Fire Control Radar Fundamentals
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mitter.  It  can  also  provide  a  zero  range  start  signal  for the  display  device. Basic   pulse-radar   systems   are   rather   complex   in their  composition,  but  they  all  contain  the  same  basic functional   areas,   with   additional   equipment   included for   specific   purposes.   For   instance,   a   search  radar requires   additional   circuitry   to   indicate   antenna   azi- muth  position  coincident  with  a  particular  target  echo. radar  for  moving-target  indication  (MTI)  and  to  filter out  stationary  targets,  landmasses,  and  clutter  from weather  and  the  sea  state. A tracking  radar,   such  as  a  fire-control  radar,  re- quires  additional  circuitry  to  measure  target  range,  az- imuth,  and  elevation.  Since  circuitry  is  also  required to  keep  the  antenna  pointed  at  the  target,  fire-control radars   have   ranging   and   angle   tracking   systems   in- Additional  circuitry  might  also  be  added  to  a  search — cluded.  Figure  2-1  shows  a  basic  pulse  radar. Figure 2-1.—Basic pulse radar. Pulse-Doppler   Radar   System Pulse-Doppler  radar,  however,  has  some  disadvan- A  pulse-Doppler  radar  has  certain  advantages  over a  basic  pulse  radar  or  a  continuous-wave  radar.  It  can detect  both  stationary  and  moving  targets  and  can  also determine   range.   In   addition,   it   can   distinguish   be- tween  two  targets  with  the  same  radial  velocity,  but  at different   ranges.   The   radial   velocity   is   the   apparent speed  that  the  target  is  closing  on  or  going  away  from the  radar. 2-2 tages,   too:   blind   target   ranges   and   velocities,   range and  delivery  ambiguities,  and  reduction  in  maximum range   capabilities.   These   disadvantages   can   be   com- pensated  for  by  using  additional  circuitry. A  pulse  radar’s  echo  signal  also  contains  velocity information  in  the  Doppler  frequency  information,  but the  signal  is  not  normally  used  by  a  basic  pulse  radar. By  using  the  Doppler  signal  available  on  an  echo  sig-






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