opening and the balloon will shoot off in theopposite direction.When the balloon is filled with air, you havepotential energy stored in the increased airpressure inside. When you let the air escape, itpasses through the small opening. This representsa transformation from potential energy to kineticenergy. The force applied to the air to speed upthe balloon is acted upon by a reaction in theopposite direction. This reactive force propels theballoon forward through the air.You may think that the force that makes theballoon move forward comes from the jet of airblowing against the air in the room, not so. It isthe reaction of the force of the air as it passesthrough the opening that causes the balloon tomove forward.The reaction turbine has all the advantages ofthe impulse-type turbine, plus a slower operatingspeed and greater efficiency. The alternating rowsof fixed and moving blades transfers the heatenergy of the steam to kinetic energy, then tomechanical energy.We have discussed the simple impulse andreaction turbines. Practical applications requirevarious power outputs. Turbines are constructedwith one or more simple turbines made as one.This is done in much the same way that thevarying cylinder size of a car engine variespower. Figures 5-6 and 5-7 show typical navalturbines.TURBINE CLASSIFICATIONSo far we have classified turbines into twogeneral groups: IMPULSE TURBINES andREACTION TURBINES, depending on themethod used to cause the steam to do useful139.58Figure 5-6.—Impulse main propulsion turbine.5-4
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