USART chip (fig. 7-18) is composed of logic circuits,
which are connected by an internal data bus. The logic
circuits are read/write control logic, modem control,
data bus buffer, transmit buffer, transmit control,
receive buffer, and receive control.
The CPU communicates with the USART over an
8-bit bidirectional tristate data bus. The USART is
programmable, meaning the CPU can control its mode
of operation using data bus control and command
words. The read/write control logic then controls the
operation of the USART as it performs specific
asynchronous interfacing.
READ/WRITE CONTROL. —The read/write
control logic accepts control signals from the control
bus and command or control words from the data bus.
The USART is set to an idle state by the RESET signal
or control word. When the USART is IDLE, a new set
of control words is required to program it for the
applicable interface.
The read/write control logic
receives a clock signal (CLK) that is used to generate
internal device timing.
Four control signals are used to govern the
read/write operations of the data bus buffer. They are
as follows:
The CHIP SELECT (CS) signal, when true,
enables the USART for reading/writing
operations.
The WRITE DATA (WD) signal, when true,
indicates the microprocessor is placing data or
control words on the data bus to the USART.
The READ DATA (RD) signal, when true,
indicates the microprocessor is ready to receive
data or status words from the USART.
The CONTROL/DATA (C/D) signal identifies
the write operation transfer as data or control
words, or the read operation transfer as data or
status words.
MODEM CONTROL. —The modem control
logic generates or receives four control or status signals
used to simplify modem interfaces. They are as
follows:
Figure 7-18.—Universal synchronous/asynchronous receiver transmitter (USART).
7-20
